Abstract: Patent is an important means to improve the ability of national independent innovation . As one of the sources of original innovation and a place where talents and knowledge gather, colleges and universities have unique advantages in scientific research. Besides, with the implementation of the innovation-oriented national strategy, universities' scientific and technological input is increasing and their scientific and technological achievements are increasing. At the same time, colleges and universities themselves often have the inertia thinking of "attaching more importance to scientific research than to transformation" and the actual situation of "large quantity but low quality", which makes universities and colleges face a great transformation dilemma, and the practical problem of "high yield and low transformation" needs to be solved urgently. In this context, how to deal with the dilemma of patent transformation in colleges and universities, and how to open up the business closed loop from invention to transformation and application of patent achievements has become one of the important ways for colleges and universities to maintain their innovation advantages. Patent transformation is a complex process involving multiple subjects and links, which has dynamic characteristics from university research and development to enterprise application. The three factors of university, science and technology intermediary and enterprise are likely to be the trigger points affecting patent transformation. Based on the perspective of configuration analysis, the qualitative comparative analysis method of fuzzy sets combines the dual advantages of case study and variable study, which is helpful to answer the multiple concurrent causality relationship. Based on technical means such as set and boolean operation, it can give different combinations of paths leading to specific results. Therefore, from the overall perspective, this study takes universities, science and technology intermediaries and enterprises as the research objects, and selects patent quality, patent transformation ability, commercial investment, science and technology intermediary service ability and big data ability as the antecedent variables. Based on the whole process of patent transformation, a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method is used to explore the multiple equivalent paths of patent transformation in universities. It is found that there are multiple concurrent causality in patent transformation in universities. A single key factor does not constitute a necessary condition for high or low patent transformation performance, but must be combined with other factors to play a role. Big data capability is the key factor to improve patent conversion performance of universities. As long as big data capability exists, high patent conversion performance will be generated regardless of the combination of big data capability and any other factors, and the lack of big data capability will also lead to the generation of non-high patent conversion performance. There are three models to produce high patent transformation performance, namely, the scientific and technological service driven mode led by university innovation, the commercial capital enabling mode supported by enterprise capability, and the university-enterprise cooperation transformation mode connected by scientific and technological intermediary. Each mode corresponds to the transformation path under different situations. The research conclusion provides theoretical guidance for universities to choose the corresponding patent transformation path according to their own situation, and also provides practical guidance for universities to choose the patent commercialization mode.