Abstract: The discussion on biological phenomena of synthetic biology has changed from cognition to synthesis, and the research object has shifted from natural life to synthetic life, which has caused a lot of ethical issues and debates. At present, the academic circles discuss this issue in multiple dimensions, but the characteristics and relations of different dimensions, as well as the internal correlation between the debates of various dimensions and the development stage of synthetic biology are relatively weak. This paper reviews the ethical controversies in synthetic biology and summarizes the five main dimensions and characteristics of the ethical debates, specific include: the legitimacy of making living organisms, the challenge of technological development to religious culture, the ethical issues of biological safety, the fairness of profit and risk distribution, the conflict between freedom of action and ethical supervision. At the same time, this paper starting from the development stage of synthetic biology, analyzes the internal logic of the gradual development and mutual influence of different dimensions of ethical debates. The discussion in this paper is helpful to clarify the chaotic state of the ethical research of synthetic biology, deepen the understanding of the core proposition and its basis of different ethical standpoint in the ethical debate of synthetic biology, and then clarify the key issues to be solved in the ethical governance of synthetic biology.