科技创新人才能力的动态演变及国际比较研究

科学学研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 1096-1105.

科技创新人才能力的动态演变及国际比较研究

陈劲¹,杨硕¹,吴善超²

1. 清华大学经济管理学院
2. 浙江大学公共管理学院；国家自然科学基金委员会政策局

收稿日期:2022-05-04 修回日期:2022-06-29 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-06-13
通讯作者: 杨硕
基金资助:
基于数据驱动的企业动态能力构成与发展研究;强化国家战略科技力量研究

Research on the dynamic evolution and international comparison of the ability of scientific and technological innovation talents

Received:2022-05-04 Revised:2022-06-29 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科技创新人才是国家科技进步和社会发展的基石，科技创新人才能力评估已成为人才队伍建设的重要抓手和必要前提，现有评估体系缺乏国际视野，难以为我国科技人才队伍发展提供有益参考。为了全面评估国际科技创新人才发展水平，研判中国科技人才队伍优势与短板，本文基于人才规模、结构和效能等维度构建了科技创新人才发展指数，并采用基尼系数和核密度测度全球科技人才发展差异及分布动态。结果显示全球科技人才发展非均衡问题突出，且存在明显的区域重叠效应。中国在科技人才规模、结构和效能等维度上均取得长足进步，但中国“高精尖”人才匮乏，科技人才质量和人才培养体系亟待提升。中国应从科技人才发展的战略导向、人才集聚、自主培养与体制机制改革等方面入手，针对性地出台政策以提升科技创新人才能力。

Abstract: Scientific and technological talents are the cornerstone of national scientific and technological progress and social development, and the ability evaluation of scientific and technological talents has become an important starting point and a necessary prerequisite for the construction of talent team. The existing evaluation system lacks an international perspective, and it is difficult to provide beneficial reference for the development of scientific and technological talents team in China. In order to comprehensively evaluate the development level of international scientific and technological talents and judge the strengths and weaknesses of Chinese scientific and technological talents, this paper constructed the scientific and technological talent development index based on the dimensions of talent size, structure and efficiency, and used Gini coefficient and kernel density to measure the difference and distribution dynamics of global scientific and technological talent development. The results show that the team of scientific and technological innovation talents in China has been growing in recent years, and China has made great progress in the scale, structure and efficiency of scientific and technological talents. China's total scientific and technological human resources far exceed those of other countries, and the structure of China's scientific and technological personnel has been continuously optimized. The number of PCT patent applications has risen to the top of the world. However, China's strategic talent force is relatively weak, "sophisticated" talent shortage, scientific and technological talent quality and talent training system needs to be improved. In addition, not only the independent training of scientific and technological talents in China but also the training of doctoral students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics are still insufficient. The function of higher education to gather scientific and technological talents needs to be improved. From the perspective of regional differences, the differences between low- and high-income regions tend to expand, and super variable density is the core source of the overall differences in scientific and technological talent development, with obvious regional overlapping effect. Furthermore, the degree of international and regional imbalance is increasing, and the global gap in the development level of global scientific and technological talents is gradually expanding. Based on this, China should start from the strategic orientation of scientific and technological talents development, talents gathering, independent training and system and mechanism reform, and issue targeted policies to enhance the ability of scientific and technological talents. The main policy recommendations of this paper are as follows: (1) With the focus on building a team of strategic scientists, leading scientists in science and technology and an innovation team, China should train world-class scientists in science and technology innovation, and jointly build platforms for the development of talents in basic research to further stimulate the vitality of talents in basic research. (2) Improve the level of openness of scientific and technological talents, accelerate the gathering of high-level talents for the whole global and industrial chain, and establish a diversified working system for international scientific and technological innovation talents. (3) Strengthen the independent training ability of scientific and technological personnel, and take multiple measures to improve the quality of scientific and technological personnel. (4) China should deepen the reform of the system and mechanism for the development of scientific and technological personnel, and achieve the "last mile" of improving the quality of scientific and technological personnel training, promoting a virtuous circle of talents, and implementing talent policies.

陈劲杨硕吴善超. 科技创新人才能力的动态演变及国际比较研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2023, 41(6): 1096-1105.

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