Abstract: Convergence science has triggered a new wave of scientific and technological innovation, which is of great value for the realization of key core technologies from "Lagging Behind and Catching Up" to "Leading and Surpassing". However, there is still a gap in the research on the R&D characteristics and breakthrough paths of key core technologies. Facing traditional manufacturing and emerging industry, this paper selects two typical technologies, namely, industrial robot bearing and brain computer interface, and explores the R&D characteristics and breakthrough paths of key core technologies by using the Derwent patent network analysis method. This paper finds that: (1) There are significant differences in the R&D characteristics of key core technologies from the perspective of technology convergence. The basic technologies represented by industrial robot bearings are mainly the intersection of similar disciplines and the intersection of internal categories of technologies, emphasizing the integration of technology networks; Brain computer interface is a cutting-edge technology represented by a wide range of disciplines and cross technology departments, emphasizing the diversity of technology clusters. (2) On the basis of the analysis of the R&D characteristics of key core technologies, we explore two breakthrough paths, namely, "Scenario Demand Traction + Technology Internal Category Integration + Leading Enterprises Driving Industrial Chain", "Technology Innovation Driving + Cross Technology Department Integration + Industry-University-Institute Innovation Consortium". This paper has further improved and developed the theoretical research on the breakthrough of key core technologies, which has a certain practical guiding significance for realizing the self-reliance of China's high-level science and technology.