Abstract: Catch-up innovation policy is a type of task-oriented innovation policy, which provides a new policy scheme for improving enterprises' technological capability. However, the existing research has not given sufficient theoretical explanation on how catch-up innovation policy affects enterprises' technological capability. Based on the theory of industrial innovation system and China's policy practice, this paper constructs an analytical framework for the transmission path of catch-up innovation policy, and carries out an empirical test . The results show that :(1) the catch-up oriented innovation policy can promote the industry chain related enterprises, innovation chain related institutions, and service chain related institutions to form an incentive and compatible actor network around the focus enterprises and promotes the improvement of enterprise’s technological capability. （2）The innovation participation of service chain related institutions is the core node of the influence transmission path of catch-up oriented innovation policy and can play a role in connecting the government and the market.（3）Innovation participation of innovation chain related institutions and the industry chain related enterprise are effective paths for the transmission of catch-up oriented innovation policy, their synergistic coupling relation can significantly improve the R&D investment behavior of enterprises.（4）Innovation expectation and R&D investment are the decisive factors for the improvement of enterprise’s technological capability, and also is firm internal path of the transmission of catch-up innovation policy.