Abstract: Based on the analysis of the thinking essence and methodology program of the new paradigm of scientific knowledge production in the era of big data, this paper points out that the big data-driven knowledge production mode has brought about some social problems, such as causing new social justice problems, strengthening the new monopoly of academic resources, shaping the new path dependence of knowledge production, and bringing new scientific research ethics disputes. Then, based on STS perspective, this paper deeply reflects on the root cause and nature of these social problems from data science and the new perspective of studies in science of science, new academic power in data capital construction, new interest distribution and balance relationship in new knowledge production mode, and value load of data science laws.