Abstract: The U.S. shale gas revolution has not only made history in science and technology innovation, but also represents a milestone in the development of modern energy industry. In the context of addressing global climate change, the global energy system will be profoundly transformed, with many new clean energy industries emerging as the mainstay of the future energy system and the shale gas taking a revolutionary leap forward. With a focus on the case of the U.S. shale gas revolution, this paper investigates the innovation-driven mechanism behind its success from its strategic significance, development path, innovation pattern and empirical insights. This paper finds that: (1) The shale gas revolution has improved the U.S. oil and gas productivity, reduced energy consumption costs, helped achieve energy independence, and promoted a low-carbon transformation of the power system. (2) The U.S. shale gas revolution has gone through four stages including initial discovery, scientific exploration, technology breakthrough, and full-fledged development. (3) The U.S. has built a shale gas innovation pattern with government as the leader, small and medium-sized oil and gas companies as the main force, and industry associations and technology service providers as joint participants. (4) Scientific and technological innovation has gradually made geological resources less dependent on resource endowment, and it will become the optimal power source for addressing global climate change. On this basis, this paper draws on the current situation of China's energy system development under the "double carbon" goal, and proposes policy recommendations from the perspectives of government investment, entrepreneurship and innovation atmosphere. The research findings are intended to offer references and insights for the high-quality development of China's clean energy industry in the context of "dual carbon".