关键词: 演化交易成本, 治理结构变迁, 国家实验室, 大科学

Abstract: With the perspective of evolutionary transaction cost, it is shown that the relational evolution history of American university and national laboratory reveals a from-integration-to-hybrid governance structural changing history. Due to historical specificity, the integrational governance structure (IGS) adopted by universities and laboratories, formed and maintained at the background of World War II and Cold War, is a unique institutional arrangement for the U.S.A.. The enforcement of “competing contract” helps to establish the hybrid governance structure (HGS). In the U.S.A., the IGS is now turning into HGS, path dependence is the reason why IGS and HGS are coexisting at the present time. China should be aware when she is using IGS for reference to establish National Lab or even the Big Science Center. China should make use of the second-mover advantages to surpass IGS and create her own HGS.