关键词: 资产专用性, 机会主义, 权力不对称, 计算型信任, 关系型信任, asset specificity, opportunism, power asymmetry, calculative trust, relational trust

Abstract: The performance of cooperative innovation is deeply influenced by partner's opportunism，and the explanation of partner’s opportunism’s causes focuses on the asset specificity. However, there are two kinds of conflicting explanations on the relationship between asset specificity and opportunism, which base on the perspective of transaction cost economics (TCE) and the perspective of relational exchange theory (RET) respectively. The study tries to integrate the TCE and RET from the perspective of resource dependence. Besides, the study takes cooperative innovation projects of equipment manufacturing enterprises for example, and analysises the cases by using the coding technology in view of grounded theory approach. What’s more, the study explores some new constructs, such as “unilateral asset specificity”, “bilateral asset specificity”, “power asymmetry”, “calculative trust” and “relational trust”. The study finds that: (1) There are two types of asset specificity, i.e. unilateral and bilateral. The theoretical paradox lies in that previous studies didn’t distinguish the types of asset specificity. (2)The mechanism of unilateral asset specificity initiating opportunism behavior is the result of power asymmetry from the competition dependence. (3) The mechanism of bilateral asset specificity suppressing opportunism behavior is the result of calculative trust from the symbiosis dependence. (4) The moderate effect of relational trust on the relationship between unilateral asset specificity and opportunism behavior maybe change in the direction (from weakening to enhance).