关键词: 科技体制, 机制, 改革, 国家创新体系, science and technology institution, mechanism, reform, national innovation system

Abstract: Starting from the connotation analysis of institution and mechanism, the article studies the connotation of science and technology(S&T) institution and mechanism and the reform. Combined with the existing studies and analysis of the status quo, and based on the theory of national innovation system, it analyses the problems of China's S&T institution and mechanism faced now and puts forward the goal, main line, principles and seven key tasks and countermeasures for China’s S&T institution and mechanism reform. The tasks and countermeasures includes improving the S&T and innovation management organization system, optimizing deployment of S&T and innovation resources, reforming the S&T and innovation financial management system, accelerating innovative talent cultivation and growth, establishing and improving the S&T and innovation evaluation and reward systems, cultivating an innovative culture, and improving the S&T and innovation laws and policies.