Abstract: Convergence of region economics has been a focus of development economics. The paper probes the driving effect of technology on economic convergence of 30 provinces in China during 1999-2010 based on constructing the measurement model of R&D marginal productivity. The research results show that there exists significant driving effect of R&D marginal productivity on regional economic convergence in China, and there is one-period lag when R&D marginal productivity driving economic convergence. The research also finds that the R&D input in Eastern economic region is excessive, the input in Western region is not enough, and the input in Middle region shows relatively reasonable.