Abstract: Abstract: This paper aims to discuss the action mechanism of China’s heterogeneous real intellectual property protection on its export technological sophistication. We use industry export trade data in China to calculate 30 provinces of export technological sophistication during the period of 2003-2011, and then use China’s enforcement data of intellectual property rights to calculate these provinces of actual intellectual property protection. An empirical study on the whole of China shows that the relationship between this heterogeneous real intellectual property protection and export technological sophistication is an inverted “U” type. In addition, FDI, college student proportion and R&D expenditure proportion play some positive role, while the effect of trade opening and infrastructure are not obvious. And the research on China regions shows that the real intellectual property protection, R&D expenditure proportion, infrastructure and trade opening have a big different influence on regional export technological sophistication, while college student proportion and FDI can promote it. This paper argues that intellectual property protection and anti-monopoly must be parallel, but this is a balance on the ice edge. So we need a sustainable and standardized effective enforcement of intellectual property rights system, rather than a gust of wind movement of short action.