Abstract: Derek Price epitomized the quantitative study of History of Science,and the quantitative study of History of Science is also the main line of Price's academic research. The law of exponential growth of science as a starting point of his quantitative study of History of Science,which can be traced back to the curiosity and thinking about science in his boyhood,the accumulation of physics and mathematics in the early years of academic career and the direct inspiration from Pragg and Parkinson. Based on the basic understanding and hypothesis of “Science is the papyrocentric accumulative activity”,Price inherited and developed the quantitative study method in History of Science and formed“Price’s three laws”. At the same time,Price used the Science Citation Index to explore the network of scientific papers of the whole world,depicting the whole picture of the development of science from the foundation to the frontier,opening the mainstream direction of citation analysis based on scientific papers. Price is both a propagandist and a fruitful practitioner of quantitative study of History of Science.