Abstract: Although literature have found many factors influence scientist’s science communication participation, the role of air pollution and scientist’s personality in science communication has not been investigated. Drawing on stress transfer theory, this paper first developed two hypotheses about how scientist reacts under different air pollution conditions, and then tested these hypotheses by matching scientist self-reported survey data and monitored air pollution data. The result showed that under air pollution condition, scientists with high proactive personality perceived the importance of science communication significantly higher than that of scientists with low proactive personality. The reason is that self efficacy meditated the effect of air pollution on the perceived importance of science communication. These results provided new perspective and empirical evidence for understanding how scientists react under negative environmental stress.