Abstract: The optimization of entrepreneurial ecosystem is an important issue facing the current entrepreneurial practice in China, and it is also a hot topic in the field of entrepreneurial research. The entrepreneurial policies plays an important role in optimizing the entrepreneurial ecosystem, and is a useful perspective for understanding the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Constructing a theoretical analysis framework of the “subject-environment” entrepreneurial ecosystem based on policy perspective. Taking a sample of 4391 national-level entrepreneurial policies from 1978 to 2018, using the policy bibliometrics and policy content analysis method, studies the development process and evolution characteristics of China's entrepreneurship ecosystem from the entrepreneurial subject and the entrepreneurial environment. The results show that: the nature of the entrepreneurial subject group evolved from the dominant subject, the elite subject, and the weak subject to the mass subject; the first element of the entrepreneurial environment evolved from entrepreneurial propaganda, social entrepreneurship training to the physical infrastructure; and the coordinated development of the multi-field external elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem has initially emerged.