Abstract: The basic mode of funding scientific development by the US federal government includes a centralized management and funding mode based on the national laboratory system, and a free exploration scientific research funding mode based on science funds. The national laboratory system is the main channel for the federal government to fund science. National laboratories focus on task-oriented research and serve the needs of the country. Most national laboratories adopt the "government-owned, contract-operated" governance model, which mainly involves the relationship between the federal competent agency, national laboratories, and contractors. The management system of national laboratories is designed around the regulatory requirements of the federal competent authorities and the needs of research tasks. The core system (take the Ministry of Energy as an example) includes the allocation of financial funds and funding forms, laboratory strategies and the requirements of the federal competent agencies. Collaboration, M&O contract mechanism, contractor’s PEMP performance appraisal mechanism, contractor guarantee system establishment, and the evaluation and accountability system of the supervisory authority.