逆全球化背景下国际科研合作格局与政策启示———以气候变化领域为例

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 当前国际形势复杂多变，国际社会呈现一定的逆全球化趋势。全球气候变化是人类可持续发展面临的最大挑战，国际合作是应对这一挑战的唯一途径。然而，逆全球化背景下气候变化领域国际科研合作格局尚不清晰，存在的问题也无从把握。通过对气候变化领域相关文献地缘特征进行挖掘，揭示逆全球化背景下该领域国际科研合作态势与地缘格局，探讨深化国际科研合作的政策与建议。研究结果表明，逆全球化背景下该领域国际科研合作有所停滞，国际科研合作一体化趋势有所倒退。滨海欧洲与马格里布（MEM）、北美洲及中部美洲（NMA）、亚太沿岸地区（APR）、东亚地缘战略区（EAGR）是该领域国际科研合作的主导地缘政治区。科学技术水平控制不同地缘政治区国际科研合作的总体格局；紧张的地缘政治形势显著影响心脏地带俄罗斯与外围（HRP）与MEM、NMA的国际科研合作。从共同应对气候变化和缓解地缘政治局势的角度出发，中国应从增加国际合作占欧盟和北美地区的比重、加强EAGR内部合作及其与周边地缘政治区的国际合作、增加多边国际合作的比重、积极参与国际合作平台的建设等方面深化该领域国际科研合作。本研究可为气候变化政策制定者和管理者提供重要的参考信息，服务于与气候变化相关的国家重大战略需求。

Abstract: Currently, the international situation is undergoing complex and profound changes, and geopolitical tension and the deglobalization has spread through the international community in some extent. Global climate change is the most complex scientific problem and the common challenge faced by the mankind. International collaboration is the effective way to tackle the climate crisis. However, the art-of-state of international scientific collaboration (ISC) of this field under rising deglobalization and how geopolitics affect the ISC remain unclear. In this study, the trends and geopolitical pattern of the ISC are mined using a large number of publications related to climate change, and the policies and suggestions for deepening the ISC in this field will be discussed. The geopolitical regions including Maritime Europe and the Maghreb (MEM), North and Middle America (NMA), the East Asia Geostrategic Realm (EAGR), the Asia-Pacific Rim (APR), Heartlandic Russia and Periphery (HRP), Southern Asia (SAs), Southern America (SAm), the Middle Esat Shatterbelt (MES), and the Sub-Saharan African Shatterbelt (SSAS) which are introduced by Saul Bernard Cohen are used in this study. The differences and spatial distribution patterns of the ISC among different geopolitical regions are analyzed to explore the effect of geopolitics in ISC. Our results demonstrated that there is a down trend in increasing rate of the share of collaborative documents in the whole studied period. Meanwhile, the whole period can be divided to three subperiods, such as 1991-2004 (Subperiod I), 2005-2017 (Subperiod II), and 2018-2021(Subperiod III). There is an observed stagnation of the ISC of this field in the subperiod III. Moreover, the level of the ISC integration has regressed in the subperiod II and III. MEM, NMA, EAGR, and APR are the main geopolitical regions of the ISC in this domain because of their huge scientific system. The level of science and technology controls the global pattern of the ISC among different geopolitical regions. The countries/regions from SAs, SAm, SSAS cooperate with the countries or regions with advanced scientific ability from the four main geopolitical regions to develop their science and technology. The geopolitical tensions significantly affect the ISC between HRP and NMA in the subperiod II and III, and between HRP and MEM in the subperiod II, and between EAGR and NMA in the subperiod III. In addition, there is an uptrend of the degree of the integration intra-geopolitical regions after 2006, that is to say, increasing trends of ISC between counties from same geopolitical region in subperiod II and III. To tackle climate change and alleviate geopolitical tension, China should deepen ISC in this field by increasing the proportion of the ISC in European Union and North America, strengthening the ISC among other countries from EAGR and with other near geopolitical regions, increasing the proportion of the multilateral ISC, actively creating global ISC platforms. This study can provide useful information for climate change policymakers and managers, and servicing the needs of state major strategic issues related to climate change.

余云龙邱均平陈仕吉金钊. 逆全球化背景下国际科研合作格局与政策启示———以气候变化领域为例[J]. 科学学研究, 2023, 41(9): 1638-1647.

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