政府创设需求、赛马竞争与创新领跑———美国商业船员计划的案例研究

科学学研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1527-1535.

政府创设需求、赛马竞争与创新领跑———美国商业船员计划的案例研究

黄涛¹,惠宇吉²,张胜²

1. 西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院
2. 西安交通大学

收稿日期:2023-08-27 修回日期:2024-01-16 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-07-15
通讯作者: 张胜
基金资助:
陕西省软科学项目重点项目;中央高校基本科研业务费重大培育项目

Government Created Needs, “Horse-racing” Competition, and Innovation Leadership: Case Study Based on NASA’s Commercial Crew Program

Received:2023-08-27 Revised:2024-01-16 Online:2024-07-15 Published:2024-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 创新领跑是世界上主要国家科技发展的战略目标，但传统理论研究却低估了其中政府的战略作用。针对这一理论缺口，本文以NASA实施的商业船员计划为典型案例，采用分析性归纳策略，研究提出政府推动创新领跑的概念模型，指出政府在新赛道新领域创设重大技术需求，采用赛马竞争方式激发国家创新体系内在动能，以构建公平竞争方式促进新创意新路线脱颖而出，并培育壮大新一代的全球领跑科技领军企业，实现“从需求创设到领军企业育成”的制度安排。根据该概念模型，本文立足科技创新的新情景，对我国健全新型举国体制，推动我国实现创新领跑战略目标提出若干启示。

Abstract: Innovation leadership is the strategic goal of major countries around the world, but traditional theoretical studies have underestimated the strategic role of government in this regard. To address this theoretical gap, this paper takes the Commercial Crew Program as a typical case, adopts an analytical inductive strategy, and puts forward the conceptual model of the government's promotion of innovation leadership. It’s pointed out that the government creates major technological demands in new tracks and fields, adopts the horse-racing method to stimulate the intrinsic kinetic energy of the national innovation system, promotes the emergence of new ideas and routes by building a fair competition method, and nurtures a new generation of globally leading sci-tech enterprises, forming the institutional arrangement of "from the creation of demand to the formation of leading enterprises". Based on this conceptual model, this paper puts forward a number of insights into the new scenario of scientific and technological innovation to improve China's new type of national system and promote China's strategic goal of innovation leadership.

黄涛惠宇吉张胜. 政府创设需求、赛马竞争与创新领跑———美国商业船员计划的案例研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2024, 42(7): 1527-1535.

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