Abstract: Chinese scientific and technological enterprise are frequently blocked and sanctioned by western countries. How to improve their strategic flexibility to cope with the complex competitive environment has become an important issue in theory and practice. Based on the theory of dynamic capability, this paper empirically examines the relationship between absorptive capacity and strategic flexibility of Chinese scientific and technological SMES. The results show that (1) there is a significant positive correlation between the absorptive capacity and strategic flexibility, and the absorptive capacity can significantly improve the strategic flexibility. (2) Organizational legitimacy positively moderates the relationship between absorptive capacity and strategic flexibility, which means that the positive relationship between absorptive capacity and strategic flexibility will be enhanced in context of higher organizational legitimacy. (3) The innovation atmosphere positively moderates the relationship between absorptive capacity and strategic flexibility. That is to say, under in the context of better organizational innovation atmosphere, absorptive capacity plays a more significant role in enhancing strategic flexibility. The conclusion of this paper has important managerial implication for Chinese scientific and technological enterprises to cope with the complex and changeable competitive environment.

摘要： 中国科技企业频繁遭受西方国家的封锁和制裁，如何提升企业战略柔性应对复杂竞争环境成为理论和实践的重要问题。本文从动态能力理论出发，以中国科技型中小企业为样本，实证检验了吸收能力与战略柔性的关系。研究结果发现：（1）吸收能力与战略柔性有显著的正相关关系，即吸收能力能够显著提升企业的战略柔性；（2）组织合法性正向调节吸收能力与战略柔性的关系，在组织合法性较高的情境下，吸收能力与战略柔性的正向关系会增强。（3）创新氛围正向调节吸收能力与战略柔性的关系，即在组织创新氛围较好的情境下，吸收能力对战略柔性的提升作用更明显。本文结论对于中国科技企业应对复杂多变的竞争环境具有重要的管理启示。