Social science research--policy translation is a cutting-edge, cross-important area of research. Based on the international perspective, the paper traces the practiced process of the developed countries, and outlines the main modes. On this basis, the paper proposes that social science research--policy translation should from subjectivity to inter-subjectivity, and constructs innovation path of inter-subjectivity mode.
The theory of inter disciplinary research methodology is becoming more important than anytime with the fast development of Application research of multi-disciplinary. This paper discusses the details of data, data collection and data analysis of qualitative method and quantitative method, and a brief summary of research paradigm which makes them clearer. To sum up, the qualitative method and quantitative method improve together the progress of understanding and researching better.
The “exponential growth” paradox of science and technology size is an unsolved problems of the science of science. By the analysis of the Price “exponential growth”, this paper pointed out that the “exponential growth” paradox mainly due to the reverse of science and technology system “input” and “output”, and the incorrect judgment which science and technology develops faster than anything. Based on the reasoning of the rationality and feasibility of investment as the indicators of science and technology scale, the statistical analysis of science and technology funds demonstrates that the growth rule of science and technology size is the coordinate growth between science and technology and economy in essence. The mechanism and enlightenment of this coordination growth are also discussed. The coordination growth indicates that if the increasing funds needs are not met, the world center of science and technology will be transferred to the nation which invest more in science and technology and whose economic growth rate is higher.
Take the discovery of unsymmetry of parity conservation as a case, the paper constructed the knowledge structure and knowledge chain of the scientific discovery by co-citation analysis, analyzing its knowledge source, logic relationship among knowledge and the knowledge renewing process .The results have shown that 1)all knowledge caused the discovery had come from one field but belonging to different topics; 2) logic contradiction existed in the relationship among knowledge and a lot of structure holes existed in knowledge network; 3) the knowledge renewing process could be divided into some steps and levels. From the case study, co-citation analysis is proved as an effectively approach to construct knowledge structure and research the pattern of scientific discovery. Future research also has been presented.
As we know, citation analysis is the main method in the analysis of scientific structure and evolution, in which the author citation analysis has broad application in the study of intellectual structure, scientific communication and disciplines’ development trend. Generally speaking, citation relationship among authors can be divided into 3 types: co-citation, coupling and cross-citation. Among them, the author co-citation analysis and author coupling analysis both produced a degree of influences in discussion of subject structure and its research status and trends. However, current study about author cross-citation more focused on the description of citation behavior itself based on citation identity and citation image, but there was no too much involved in the aspects of knowledge exchange, authors study relevance and academic community discovering behind author citation relationship. The study will therefore take the chance to further explore the author cross-citation relationship with core authors in Scientometrics as study object in order to provide reference for development of Scientometrics and in-depth application of citation analysis and in-depth application in scientific structure research of citation analysis.
Based on infringer’s degree of subject fault, patent infringements can be divided into two parts: slight -fault patent infringement and serious -fault patent infringement. If the fault classification system for patent infringement can be transplanted into the PRC Patent Law, we shall improve our country’s policy of damages for patent infringement based on the fault types of patent infringement, and then we shall improve our country’s system of damages for patent infringement based on the above-mentioned policy. After the value analysis of patent system, I found, compared with current policy and system, the improved policy and system can do better in realizing justice value, efficiency value and innovation value of patent system.
In order to alleviate the more and more severe examination pressure in recent years, all major patent offices have carry out reforms on the patent system from the patent examination quality, period and cost frequently. This paper analyzes on the impact mechanism of the patent examination on technological innovation, and considers the high error rate, the long period and the low cost of the patent examination would hinder the technological innovation. Meanwhile, there are the interaction between the examination period and the examination quality in the patent examination system and the effect on technological innovation cycle. To this end, in order to avoid the hinder effect of the patent examination on technological innovation on the basis of the maintain the internal balance, this paper presents China patent office should improve the standards of the patent examination cost and establish a rapid examination of request system in alleviating the backlog.
In the practice, one important reason for the development of intellectual property pledge financing is that the assessment value of intellectual property is lack of objective and credibility. Based on market survey, using factor analysis method, this paper builds a expert scoring table to determine the factor system of profit allocation rate and its weight in order to increase the objective and credibility of assessment value of intellectual property.
This article uses the state space model to analyze the effects of fiscal and financial policies on technological development between 1990 and 2008. The results show that The elastic coefficient of fiscal science technology expenditure and financial science and technology loans on the development of science and technology in China presents an apparent stage characteristics, and the stage characteristics has very close relationship with the change of national finance policy and financial policy of science and technology. So the government should further set up some finance policy and financial policy to promote the development of science and technology and the construction of innovation country in China.
Internationalization is an important route through which firms in a new emerging economy can realize their growth potential. The ability to acquire and combine technological resources directly determines the success of high-tech firms’ internationalization. Based on the resource-based view, social network theory and institution-based view, we pick out 293 high-tech firms in Optics Valley of China and examine the relationship between technological resources and internationalization. The results show that inside technological resources and outside technological resources significantly affect internationalization. When firms own equity participation of MNCs and are positioned in the policy zone, it tends to be more convenient to use inside technological resources to fufill internationalization.
The Chinese multinational corporations (CMNCs) global learning and Knowledge Acquisition Motives are not reflected in the existing western transnational corporation organization design framework, so the CMNCs atypical structure form cannot be explained. According to the structure following strategy paradigm, the author constructs a theory framework about CMNCs structure matching knowledge acquisition motivation, by which findings that ‘global integration -- local response’ confliction is the key fact to affect knowledge types, thus affects the diversification strategy and the organization structure. In general speaking, the CMNCs that focus on access to foreign technical knowledge should select product diversification strategy and product dimension organizational structure, focus on acquiring overseas market operation, is suitable for the area diversification strategy and the area dimension structure. If the CMNCS pay equal attention to the technical knowledge and market operation knowledge, will choose the mixed strategy and the mixed organizational structure.
Based on the perspective of network, this paper combines knowledge map with theory of knowledge network to analysis mechanism in the knowledge integration process. Based on this, in order to obtain the knowledge integration rules and provide guidance for knowledge integration under difference circumstances, this paper exploits methodology of Social Network Analysis as a key analysis technology to analyze knowledge integration. This paper clarifies knowledge integration process based on perspective of network by simulating knowledge integration process. This will help organization to improve the efficiency of knowledge integration and speed up knowledge creation.
Based on the panel data of university-industry collaboration (UIC) from China’s 29 provinces during 1998-2008, using the output variable of UIC patent to construct a stochastic frontier knowledge production function model, the paper explores the impact on knowledge production efficiency by factors in the context of mode Ⅱ, such as application-oriented, interdisciplinary research, participants heterogeneity and organizational diversity, and compares the average efficiency and marginal effect among regions. The results show that the regional knowledge production efficiency demonstrates the pattern: East> Central> West; The investment of human and capital from enterprise show significant positive effect, while knowledge stock from university has much larger contribution to knowledge production, and the process exhibits the feature of diminishing marginal effect; Application-oriented has a significant positive impact on knowledge production, but remaining the regional and time differentiation; Application-oriented and participants heterogeneity have greater marginal impact on the eastern region, the marginal effect of eastern enterprises participate in knowledge production is more significant than the central and western regions, while government intervention in UIC have long-lasting positive effects on knowledge production in central and western regions.
The mechanism of the transmission of information by technological gatekeepers inside R&D groups needs to be reexamined under the utilization of internet technology. The Beijing R&D group of a pharmaceutical enterprise was taken as the case. SNA and interviews were made. Affected by the internet technologies, the proportion of technological gatekeepers is 6%, much lower than the well accepted proportion of 20%. The role of gatekeepers can be separated into internal communication stars and external communication stars. New framework on the mechanism of information transmission in R&D group is established.
Most research on technological relatedness or complementary assets has been carried out in isolation when assessing their effects on performance. However, complementary assets can moderate the effects of technological relatedness on performance. By taking china high-tech listed companied from 2004-2010 panel data as an example, the paper analyzes the relationship between the technological relatedness and enterprise performance and different specialized complementary assets have distinctive moderating effects on this relationship. The result shows that technological relatedness has an invered U-shaped relationship with performance. The more human capital complementary assets are available, the greater the positive impact of technological relatedness on enterprise performance. Marketing complementary assets has no moderating effects on this relationship. We conclude that maintaining a coherent relationship between technological relatedness and complementary assets can give firms generates competitive advantage.
Private enterprises are the mainstay of technological innovation, but the lack of R&D investment is the main challenge for their technological innovation activities. Basing on the Chinese Private Enterprises data, the research empirically studies the impact of social capital and corporate governance on Chinese private enterprise’s R&D investment. Moreover, explore the interaction between them. Regression analysis revealed that: political relational capital, associational relational capital plays significant negative effects, corporate governance plays significant positive impact on R&D investment. Political relationship can significantly weaken the impact of stock concentration on the R&D investment. It provides important theory evidence for private entrepreneurs and government to make decision for R&D investment.
Abstract: The paper discusses the necessity of using the concept of enterprise original technological innovation from the theory and practice. Enterprise original technological innovation means fundamental, radical innovation, being carried by enterprise, with a new tide of innovation; it is characteristic of fundamentality in technology, universality in application, continuity in innovation. The subject of enterprise original technological innovation is the integration of innovator and enterprise, i.e. “innovator-enterprise”. Enterprise original technological innovation is mainly located in the Pasteur quadrant, belongs to applied basic research; it not only opens new technological trajectory, but also enlarges the scope of scientific knowledge. The strategic orientation of enterprise original technological innovation ought to be humanization, ecologicalization, scientization and democratization. The paper finally discusses the implying policy.
In the study of technology development, innovation and optimization are often distinguished or even considered opposite. This paper discusses the concept of optimization, and generalizes it to include all human activities that attempt to improve systems. Hence technology innovation can be interpreted as a class of complex multi-actor dynamic optimization processes. Each actor is constantly trying to maximize his or her objectives subject to current individual resource constraints by means of both independent searches and cooperation and competition with other actors. Gradually the constraints are loosened and objectives are improved by the joint efforts, and new technologies, products, processes and services are constantly created. The unification of the two concepts promotes better quantitative description and analysis of innovation.
Leadership has great impacts on innovation. Based on current literatures, the paper put forward an integrated conceptual model relating leadership styles, organizational learning and innovation performance and relative theoretical hypotheses. Through the investigation and empirical analysis of 200 questionnaires in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shanghai, we found contingency award and active exception management of transactional leadership has a positive effect on innovation performance, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation of transformational leadership also has positive effects on innovation performance, organizational learning has full intermediary role between two leadership style and innovation performance. Conclusion about the importance of interaction of leadership styles to innovation and future prospects of research are put forward at the final.
The paper explores the effect of different degree of human capital on the radical and incremental product innovation capabilities, and two different kinds of technological innovation capability on new product development performance as well as the moderating effect of specific human capital between innovation competence and performance. By a survey questionnaire and interview with 157 enterprises in China, enterprises scale, R&D investment, environmental uncertainty, demand uncertainty and competition strength as control variables, the theoretical model is empirically analyzed and tested. The results show that: when the specialty of human capital is stronger, it is the incremental (not radical) product innovation ability that is stronger. However, the specificity of human capital is weaker is not adversely affected the radical product innovation competence on new product performance, on the contrary, for incremental product innovation ability, weak specific human capital is in favor of new product performance and strong specific human capital is not conducive to the performance of new products.
