Abstract: Taking scholars’ suggestion about studying alliance on a micro level, with the capacity-opportunity-willingness theory, this study tries to analyze individual’s knowledge exchange and individual’s original organization-related work performance in an R&D alliance. It finds that education-based capacity has a significant effect on individual’s original organization-related work performance, and this effect is strengthened by the network position-related opportunity, whereas the extrinsic motivation representing willingness does not play a significant role in their relations. This result is meaningful for the development of several theories, such as knowledge transfer and creation in a context of R&D alliance, alliance learning, and alliance governance.