Abstract: This article proposes three questions with regard to enterprises’ position in innovation system need to solve. The first is the Chinese context of enterprises-centered innovation system, the next two are theoretical content and policy mechanism about this issue under the marketization and globalization processes. We argue that, the enterprises rather than governments should be the center of innovation under the marketization progress; Chinese enterprises should become the contributors of global value create and the rulers of global value distribution; transforming the functions of government is the key point of constructing an enterprises-centered innovation system, and Chinese government should create a innovation-friendly environment through market mechanism and reduce the intervention on enterprise’s innovation activities directly.