Abstract: At the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution, all countries realize the importance of science and technology innovation year by year, the world's major countries have promoted science and technology innovation to the national strategy. In Europe, as the forefront of scientific and technological innovation area, the release of the 2017 European innovation scoreboard report about all euro countries and have structural analysis, and it has the visual effect for our understanding. On August 21, 2017, China has released national innovation index in 2016-2017, to include our country existing scientific and technological innovation ability in innovation index evaluation system, compared with the other 39 countries of the world's leading. On the basis of the different calculation between about the European Union and index system construction, index system of innovation have important practical significance.