Abstract: The internal mechanism of efficient catch-up mode and the evolution of technological innovation capability of LCFs have become an urgent problem to be solved in academic research.In this paper, the longitudinal exploratory case study method is used to study the technological development process of Huawei from 1987 to 2018, and tries to explore the micro- mechanism for LCFs to achieve efficient catch-up from the perspective of integrated research of "Innovation Strategy-Innovation Paradigm-Technological Innovation Capability", and describe the evolution trajectory of their technological innovation capability. Through the research, it is found that: firstly, LCFs' evolution of technological innovation capability is” Imitation Innovation Capability- Primary Secondary Innovation Capability- Ripe Secondary Innovation Capability- Integrated Innovation Capability- Original Innovation Capability”, technology innovation capability can be measured from three dimensions of technical distance, technical efficiency and technical reserves, which focus more on technology. Secondly, innovation strategy matching technological innovation capability of late-developing enterprises has experienced the evolution process of "market utilization-market utilization and technological utilization-high market exploration, low technology utilization-high market exploration, high technology utilization-market exploration and technological exploration" , innovation paradigm has undergone the evolutionary process of "technology drive - technology catch-up - technology and market drive - market pull - market surpass". Thirdly, this paper attempts to explore the internal mechanism in the process of upgrading the technological innovation capability of late developing enterprises from the perspective of knowledge ecology, that is, knowledge circulation mechanism, knowledge evolution mechanism and dissipative structure balance mechanism.