Abstract: According to the natural-resource-based view and strategic fit theory, this study taking the logical relationship of "green entrepreneurship orientation - organizational capability - firm performance", constructing the relationship between green entrepreneurship orientation, entrepreneurship opportunity recognition, environmental uncertainty and performance of agricultural new ventures as the theoretical model. Through empirical analysis of 301 valid samples, we find that: green entrepreneurial orientation can improve the environmental and financial performance of agricultural new ventures; entrepreneurial opportunity recognition plays a partly mediator role on relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and agricultural new ventures’ performance; the environmental uncertainty negatively influences the relationship between entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and environmental performance, and moderator the intermediary effect of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition between green entrepreneurship orientation and environmental performance of agricultural new ventures.