Abstract: The evolution of the patent system is an objective historical "freedom"，it has nothing to do with the grand narrative in the philosophy of law, nor is it the construction rationality under instrumentalism that can be directly achieved. This paper attempts to explore how the change of technical paradigm will put forward the reconstruction needs of the unsteady equilibrium of the technology innovation system, and how reconstruction needs are realized in the evolution of the patent system, taking the four industrial revolutions as the central axis. On this basis, suggestions were made for further reform of the Chinese patent system.