Abstract: 39 new research and development institutions in Guangdong province were selected as the research samples, this paper uses the method of fuzzy set qualitative comparison (fsQCA) to explore the influencing factors of high innovation performance of new R&D institutions and the promotion path. The results show that: (1) it is difficult for a single factor to promote the new R&D institutions to achieve high innovation performance, but the combination of different factors has a significant impact; (2) there are five problems There are three ways to drive high innovation performance: technology driven government support, technology driven environment support, organization supported ecological promotion, ecological support talent promotion and full dimension collaborative; (3) the driving mechanism of non-high innovation performance is divided into one path, and there is an asymmetric relationship with the driving path of high innovation performance. The research conclusions not only expand the theory of performance management of new R&D institutions, but also provide decision support for the government and new R&D institutions to optimize the path of performance improvement.