Abstract: The diversity of laboratory knowledge production is the most difficult point in the current reorganization of the state key laboratory system in my country. However, Latour's theory of social structure and Kuhn's theory of cognitive structure, which are mainstream in the field of science and philosophy, cannot solve the problem of diversity in laboratory knowledge production. The author combines the theory of social structure and cognitive structure, and uses the phenomenological method morphology created by Goethe to directly describe the process of laboratory knowledge production as a working platform to analyze the diversity of laboratory knowledge production. From the perspective of morphology, laboratory is the description product of morphological construction, and the diversity of laboratory knowledge production is the description result of laboratory morphological construction. The morphology of the laboratory shows three sufficient conditions: the prototype of the laboratory (deformation primitive), the morphology of the laboratory (deformation factor), and the type of laboratory (deformation result). This study broadens the application fields of morphological methods and provides more descriptive empirical support for the reorganization of the national key laboratory system.