Abstract: High-technological industries (HTIs) is the key to realizing innovation-driven transition and elevating national core competence. It is the important for advancing S&T reform and optimizing allocation of S&T resources to improve the role of the government in the innovation process of HTIs. In this paper, static and dynamic panel data of provincial areas in Mainland China from 2010 to 2016 is used to analyze and compare the impact of government support on innovation efficiency of different HTI, which results in two main findings. First, the government play distinct roles in different HTIs, whose impacts are not significant on Manufacture of Medicines, Manufacture of Aircrafts and Spacecrafts and Related Equipment, and Manufacture of Computers and Office Equipment. Second, the impact of government support on HTIs has dual edges and reflects as invert-U shape in Manufacture of Medical Equipment and Manufacture of Electronic Equipment and Communication Equipment, in the latter of which the long-term cultivation on innovation capacity contribute to improve the impact of government support. This research reveals the double-edged impacts and industrial differences of government support in S&T innovation, which enriches the achievements of related research fields. According to the findings, the policy implications include optimizing support ways, adjusting support intensity, and enhancing support orientation.