创业企业自主研发、外部搜寻模式选择研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 自主研发与外部搜寻是科技型创业企业实现知识创新的重要途径。科技型创业企业在资源约束前提下，存在着自主研发模式与外部搜寻模式间的选择难题。为解释拥有不同知识结构的创业企业在发现技术机会的条件下自主研发与外部搜寻的战略选择问题，本文基于资源-机会一体化视角，利用阶层式回归和分组回归等分析方法对科技型创业企业知识基础、技术机会对其自主研发与外部搜寻的影响过程进行了实证分析。分析结果显示：高知识基础广度对于自主研发与外部搜寻均具有显著的正向影响，但是影响系数存在明显差距，知识基础广度对于自主研发促进作用明显高于其对外部搜寻的促进作用。高知识基础深度对于外部搜寻战略具有显著的正向影响，但对于自主研发战略的影响不显著。技术机会对于自主研发战略和外部搜寻战略均具有显著的正向影响。知识基础广度与技术机会的匹配对于自主研发战略的选择具有显著的正向影响的，对于外部搜寻战略的影响不显著；知识基础宽度与技术机会的匹配对于外部搜寻策略具有显著的正向影响，对于自主研发战略的影响不显著。在技术机会识别的条件下，高知识基础广度的企业倾向于自主研发战略，而高技术深度的企业倾向于外部搜寻战略。

Abstract: Independent research and development and external search are important ways for technological entrepreneurial enterprises to realize knowledge innovation. Under the premise of resource constraints, technology-based start-ups have a difficult choice between independent R&D mode and external search mode. In order to explain the strategic choice of independent R&D and external search for start-ups with different knowledge structures under the condition of discovering technological opportunities, this article is based on the perspective of resource-opportunity integration, using analysis methods such as hierarchical regression and grouping regression to analyze technology-based start-ups An empirical analysis of the influence process of its independent research and development and external search is carried out on the knowledge base and technological opportunities. The analysis results show that the breadth of a high knowledge base has a significant positive effect on both independent R&D and external search, but there is a significant gap in the impact coefficient. The breadth of the knowledge base has a significantly higher role in promoting independent research and development than it has in promoting external search. The high depth of knowledge base has a significant positive impact on the external search strategy, but the impact on the independent research and development strategy is not significant. Technology opportunities have a significant positive impact on both independent research and development strategies and external search strategies. The match between the breadth of the knowledge base and technological opportunities has a significant positive impact on the choice of independent R&D strategy, but has no significant impact on the external search strategy; the match between the breadth of the knowledge base and technological opportunities has a significant positive impact on the external search strategy, The impact on independent research and development strategy is not significant. Under the condition of identifying technological opportunities, companies with high knowledge base and breadth tend to be independent R&D strategies, while companies with high-tech depth tend to be external search strategies.

尹航张龙泉. 创业企业自主研发、外部搜寻模式选择研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2022, 40(10): 1844-1852.

参考文献

[1] Mansfield E. Rates of return from industrial research and development[J]. The American Economic Review, 1965, 55(1/2): 310-322. [2] Jefferson G H, Huamao B, Xiaojing G, et al. R&D performance in Chinese industry[J]. Economics of innovation and new technology, 2006, 15(4-5): 345-366. [3] Hansen M T, Nohria N, Tierney T. What’s your strategy for managing knowledge[J]. The knowledge management yearbook 2000–2001, 1999, 77(2): 106-116. [4] Fung W S L, Fung R Y K. Knowledge-centric information security[C]//2008 International Conference on Security Technology. IEEE, 2008: 27-34. [5] Laursen K, Salter A. Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms[J]. Strategic management journal, 2006, 27(2): 131-150. [6] Chen J, Chen Y, Vanhaverbeke W. The influence of scope, depth, and orientation of external technology sources on the innovative performance of Chinese firms[J]. Technovation, 2011, 31(8): 362-373. [7] Fu X. How does openness affect the importance of incentives for innovation?[J]. Research Policy, 2012, 41(3): 512-523. [8] March J G. Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning[J]. Organization science, 1991, 2(1): 71-87. [9]余传鹏, 张振刚. 异质知识源对中小微企业管理创新采纳与实施的影响研究[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2015, 000(002):92-100. [10] Zhou K Z, Li C B. How knowledge affects radical innovation: Knowledge base, market knowledge acquisition, and internal knowledge sharing[J]. Strategic management journal, 2012, 33(9): 1090-1102. [11] Wu J, Shanley M T. Knowledge stock, exploration, and innovation: Research on the United States electromedical device industry[J]. Journal of business research, 2009, 62(4): 474-483. [12] Asheim B T, Coenen L. Knowledge bases and regional innovation systems: Comparing Nordic clusters[J]. Research policy, 2005, 34(8): 1173-1190. [13] Herstad S J, Aslesen H W, Ebersberger B. On industrial knowledge bases, commercial opportunities and global innovation network linkages[J]. Research Policy, 2014, 43(3): 495-504. [14]Hill C W L , Rothaermel F T . The Performance of Incumbent Firms in the Face of Radical Technological Innovation[J]. The Academy of Management Review, 2003, 28(2):257-274. [15]Zahra S A , George G . Absorptive Capacity: A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extension[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2002, 27(2):185-203. [16]Chakrabarti B A . Special Issue: Knowledge and the Firm || Generic Knowledge Strategies in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17:123-135. [17]De Luca L M , Atuahene-Gima K . Market Knowledge Dimensions and Cross-Functional Collaboration: Examining the Different Routes to Product Innovation Performance[J]. Journal of Marketing, 2007, 71(1):95-112. [18]Gatignon H , Tushman M L , Anderson S P . A Structural Approach to Assessing Innovation: Construct Development of Innovation Locus, Type, and Characteristics[J]. Management ence, 2002, 48(9):1103-1122. [19]Wang C, Chen M N, Chang C H. The double-edged effect of knowledge search on innovation generations[J]. European Journal of Innovation Management, 2019. [20]Singh H . Building firm capabilities through learning: the role of the alliance learning process in alliance capability and firm‐level alliance success[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2007, 28(3). [21]Tsai, Wenpin. Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational Networks: Effects of Network Position and Absorptive Capacity on Business Unit Innovation and Performance.[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2001. [22]Hacklin F, Wallin M W, Bj?rkdahl J, et al. The Making of Convergence: Knowledge Reuse, Boundary Spanning, and the Formation of the ICT Industry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2021. [23]Christensen C M . The Ongoing Process of Building a Theory of Disruption[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2010, 23(1):39-55. [24]Tripsas M , Gavetti G . Capabilities, cognition, and inertia: evidence from digital imaging[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2015, 21(10-11):1147-1161. [25]Ahuja G , Lampert C M . Entrepreneurship in the large corporation: a longitudinal study of how established firms create breakthrough inventions[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2001, 21(6-7):267-294. [26]Subramaniam M , Youndt M A . The Influence of Intellectual Capital on the Types of Innovative Capabilities[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2005, 48(3):450-463. [27]Shaker, A, Zahra. Goverance, Ownership, and Corporate Entrepreneurship: The Moderating Impact of Industry Technological Opportunities[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1996. [28]Katila R, Mang P Y. Exploiting technological opportunities: the timing of collaborations ☆[J]. Research Policy, 2003, 32(2):317-332. [29]Shane, Scott. Technological Opportunities and New Firm Creation[J]. Management Science, 2001, 47(2):205-220. [30]Tihanyi L , Johnson R A , Hitt H M A . Institutional Ownership Differences and International Diversification: The Effects of Boards of Directors and Technological Opportunity[J]. The Academy of Management Journal, 2013, 46(2):195-211. [31]Fung M K . Technological Opportunity and Economies of Scale in Research Productivity: A Study on Three Global Industries[J]. Review of Industrial Organization, 2002, 21(4):419-436. [32]Koeller C T . The influence of technological opportunity on union membership in U.S. manufacturing industries[J]. Journal of Labor Research, 2001, 22(1):173-183. [33]Secundo G , Magnier-Watanabe R , Heisig P . Engineering knowledge and information needs in Italy and Japan: bridging the gap between theory and practice[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2015, 19(6):1310-1334. [34]Ren H, Zhao Y. Technology opportunity discovery based on constructing, evaluating, and searching knowledge networks[J]. Technovation, 2021, 101: 102196. [35] Ho L A, Kuo T H, Lin C, et al. The mediate effect of trust on organizational online knowledge sharing: An empirical study[J]. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 2010, 9(04): 625-644. [36]Presutti M , Boari C , Fratocchi L . Knowledge acquisition and the foreign development of high-tech start-ups: A social capital approach[J]. International Business Review, 2007, 16(1):23-46. [37] Sahai R, Frese M. If you have a hammer, you only look for nails: the relationship between the Einstellung effect and business opportunity identification[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2019, 57(3): 927-942. [38]Shepherd D A , Detienne D R . Prior Knowledge, Potential Financial Reward, and Opportunity Identification[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 2010, 29. [39]Short J C , Ketchen D J , Shook C L , et al. The Concept of "Opportunity" in Entrepreneurship Research: Past Accomplishments and Future Challenges[J]. Journal of Management, 2010, 36(1):40-65. [40]Tang J , Kacmar K M , Busenitz L . Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2012, 27(1):77-94. [41]Nguyen T M, Siri N S, Malik A. Multilevel influences on individual knowledge sharing behaviours: the moderating effects of knowledge sharing opportunity and collectivism[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2021.