Abstract: As a necessary component of the national innovation system, S&T Societies are an important breakthrough in the construction of a pluralistic scientific and technological evaluation system. Based on the theory of national innovation system and network organization governance, this paper discusses the specific ways for S&T Societies to participate in scientific and technological evaluation from the perspective of organizational mission and institutional arrangements. The results show that: (1) The participation of S&T Societies in science and technology evaluation is determined by the organizational mission of S&T Societies and the institutional arrangements at the national level, which is naturally legitimate and desirable. (2) In theory, there are five mechanisms for S&T Societies to participate in scientific and technological evaluation, namely reputation mechanism, trust mechanism, advocacy mechanism, learning mechanism and incentive mechanism. (3) There are four roles and corresponding paths for S&T Societies to participate in scientific and technological evaluation. They are the multi-subject linkage path and multi-category participation path as the evaluation organizer, the promotion path and multi-level intervention path as the standard maker, the discussion and research path and restriction and regulation path as the dishonesty restraint, and the systematic reward path and systematic recommendation path as a reward recommender. The findings of this study suggest that S&T Societies should play a greater role in the evaluation of science and technology, and provide direction and content reference for deepening the reform of science and technology system and improving the evaluation system of scientific and technological.