Pusztai affair is the blasting fuse to global dispute about the security of GM crops. This affair shows that a three-spiral-authority structure within scientific field —— the induction of the economic interests, the might of the political union and the pressing of the systematized scientific capital，is continuously extruding and destroying the autonomy of science. Only with the aid of “reflexivity”, strengthening the automony of GM crops's research and development, and actively guiding the intervention of external factors in the field of science, can GM crops better serve the development of modern agriculture.
The debate about genetically modified food between Fang Zhouzi and Cui Yongyuan continues today, caused the wide attention of Internet users. The research analyzed the comments of the debate to find out the changes of public attitude and comprehension. It can be found that the general public attitudes towards gm food gradually clear and emotional. With the expanding of the effects of the events, majority of internet users stood the opposite side with little understanding of gm food. The discussion is short of experts and scholars and the encoding process of media did not balance with the decoding way of public, which are the reality worth to pay attention when we face controversial scientific problems.
In this paper, we research the influence factors of R&D input in late-development countries base on the data of 86 late-development countries in the period 2003-2012 using the panel data fixed effects model. The regression result is that the number of researchers and the financial development has a significant positive influence on the R&D input in late-development countries, while manufacturing imports and FDI inflows has a significant negative influence on the R&D input in late-development countries. Further study found that the intellectual property protection level has a significant positive moderating effect for the relationship between financial development, or manufacturing import and R&D input. It is said that the higher level of the intellectual property protection in late-development countries, the financial development can promote more R&D input, and the manufacturing import restrain more R&D input. Future research could be further from the dynamic perspective, not only to investigate the factors that influence the R&D input but analyze its R&D performance.
The framework for analyzing technology spillover effects are constructed on the basis of global industrial production network in this paper. We use panel data including 15 industries from 2002 to 2012 to measure the degree of technology spillover effects on labor productivity in global industrial production network by input-output tables. Evidences show that with the extent of industrial production networks embedded in global industrial production network become deeper, “structural blocking effect” exist in the process of industrial upgrading . The impact of factors is more important than technical progress transition path way to achieve transition to regional emerging industries in global industrial production networks . You need to pay more attention to invest in large-scale equipment and R & D investment. In view of this situation, the author proposes a global view, taking strategy about upgrade between the chains and "in the global production network, not in the global production networks" to break structural blocking effect, to stimulate different types of subjects continued innovation of endogenous power. Enhancing their own division of labor status by the various levels of innovation ,grasping the development of the initiative and trying to climb the value chain of high value-added sectors. Finally realizing the Chinese industrial upgrading, and improving the international competitiveness.
Green Growth Strategy has been widely viewed as a new path to sustainable development, and it’s very important for China to make a transition to green growth in the NEW Normal Era. This paper develops a Green Growth index（GGI）to measure the trends of Green Growth at national /regional scale. By using this index, the paper defines three categories of GG path under variable context: absolute green growth, relative green growth and non-green growth. It also describes the path of GG in six countries: China, US, UK, German, Japan and KOREA. The result based on Panel Data Regression Model finds that the rates of increase of R&D expenditure, labor inputs, urbanization, and industrial structure lightening have a positive effect on accelerating Green Growth, and environmental tax and energy consumption have an opposite impact. The study opens up new policy insights to accelerate the transition by investing in green innovation and infrastructure, and government should set up a new strategy for green growth.
Establishing overseas R&D institution is an important method of realizing R&D internationalization as well as a part of OFDI. Based on the theory of R&D internationalization and theory of OFDI from emerging markets, this research identifies three driving patterns from two dimensions----capability of firms and governmental policies. Using the samples from Innovation oriented firms database, the empirical results imply that capabilities of firms are the main driving force to setting up overseas R&D institution; among the capabilities, tech-invention capability and tech-cooperation capability are the most significant whereas the absorbility is not. It concludes that, on the one hand, government is expected to offer great efforts to help firms with advantage of capabilities to process R&D internationalization; on the other hand, the absorbility should be enhanced, with firms taking technology searching and learning and cooperation as their objectives
The technology spillover from R&D capital of universities and research institutions to enterprises in the region is the key to promote transformation and upgrading. We divide R&D capital of universities and research institutions into basic research and applied research, and use extended TFP model to analyze the impact mechanism and effect of different type of universities and research institutions R&D on total factor productivity of industrial enterprises based on panel data of China’s 30 regions during the period of 1999-2010. The results show that: basic research and applied research of universities and research institutions have a positive significant impact on the TFP of industrial enterprises nationally; the impact of basic research is greater than applied research in coastal areas, and the opposite in inland areas.
Based on the mechanism design theory, firstly the concept and core issues of cost reimbursement mechanism for scientific research projects are proposed; Secondly, an analysis model for the two core issues of mechanism design: information efficiency and incentive compatibility is built in the context of cost reimbursement for scientific research projects. Then case studies based on the model on the status of cost reimbursement mechanism for scientific research projects in UK, US, Japan and China are conducted. Finally, policy suggestions on the path selection on cost reimbursement reform for scientific research projects in China are proposed.
The polycentric governance of regional technology incubation networks can achieve the accumulation, reasonable organization and effective distribution of social capital in a larger scope and provide a more effective way for tenants to gain resources according to set up more trust, reciprocity and identification relationships in different network layers. According to the empirical investigation of 79 incubators in Tianjin technology incubation network, this paper studies the effects of social capital on the network’s innovation outputs based on polycentric governance from the aspect of trust, norm and networking. The conclusion indicates: in the mode of polycentric governance, social capital can obviously improve the innovation outputs of the network. Trust has the most significant positive effect on the innovation performance of the network; norms have more positive effects on the network’s incubating ability than on the innovation performance; the networking degree has all positive effects on the network’s incubating ability, the innovation performance and the employment and tax revenue.
Intuitive judgments are frequently employed in entrepreneurial decision-making, but are barely studied by the theoretical field. Based on Naturalistic Decision Making theory and Heuristics and Biases theory and their integration, this paper reviews previous studies related to intuitive judgments and points out that the question “are entrepreneurial intuitive judgments reliable” can not be simply answered or concluded with “yes” or “no”. The essential issue behind the question is the quality of entrepreneurial intuitive judgments, which requires entrepreneurs make good use of skilled intuitions and avoid using heuristic intuitions. After analyzing the objective and subjective factors that influence entrepreneurial intuitive judgments, this paper establishes an action framework for the improvements of such judgments, and suggests that entrepreneurs are able to improve the quality of such judgments by accumulating experience and skills, improving data collection ability, upgrading information processing ability, and assembling external resources.
Disruptive innovation (DI) is perceived to be an effective strategy for technological small and micro enterprises (TSMEs) to compete with incumbent firms. Though Market is critical for successful development of disruptive innovation, the relationship between multi-dimensions of market knowledge and disruptive innovation did not get enough research attention. Based on data collected from 364 technological small and micro enterprises in Foshan district, Guangdong Province, the paper empirically analysis the aforementioned relationship. The results indicate the following: First, the breadth and depth of market knowledge have a direct significant influence on DI of TSMEs respectively. Second, the tacitness and specificity of market knowledge have a indirect significant influence on DI of TSMEs respectively. Third, knowledge integration capabilities (KIC) fully mediate the impact of the breadth and depth of market knowledge on DI of TSMEs, and partially mediate the impact of the tacitness and specificity of market knowledge on DI of TSMEs. Moreover, the multi-dimensions of market knowledge have a significant effect on KIC, which means capture and access multi-dimensional market knowledge is helpful for the TSMEs to strength their KIC.
By building the BP-DEMATEL model for research on the influence factors of original innovation environment, the paper analyses the importance of indexes about the influence factors of original innovation environment in three groups: Nobel laureates, academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), academicians of Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE). Through the centrality and cause degree test, we can draw three kinds of influence factors: main environmental influence factors, reason factors and result factors. Comparing on main environmental influence factors of three groups, the paper explores differences about original innovation environment in academicians and Nobel laureates, and puts forward some policies and suggestions to improve the original innovation environment in Mainland China.
Service modularization is an emerging issue, which is not only a transition of modularization theory, but also a new expansion of service innovation research. Based on literature review, this paper separately analyzed the relationship between service modularization, strategic flexibility and innovation performance. And then constructed structural equation model, collected data and carried out empirical study. This paper proposed and proved the internal mechanism of service modularization and innovation performance. At the end, the research linked the conclusions with existing literature, proposed some practical suggestions and further research directions.
This study extends risk management theory by exploring the role of board of directors in the relationship between integrated risk management and product innovation in China. We focused on two specific factors that reflect the effectiveness of a board’s risk oversights: a board’s direct involvement in risk oversights vs. its utilization of external audit in risk oversights, and examined their moderating effects on the relationship between integrated risk management and product innovation. Panel data from a survey of 1,178 Chinese firms was analyzed to test the hypotheses. The results show that a board’s direct involvement in risk oversights moderates the positive effect of integrated risk management on product innovation success. Its use of external audit in risk oversight similarly weakens the relationship. This study has an important message for managers regarding how an effective board contributes to the innovation benefits associated with risk management in product innovation. The results also have important implications for emerging economy firms pursuing an integrated approach to risk management in product innovation.
Abstract：Cultural Synergy plays "synergistic" effect in Industry--university--research Institute Cooperative Innovation, and put forward the dimensions and characteristics of cultural synergy. It is composed of inner spiritual culture synergy and external system culture synergy of two parts, respectively for the premise condition and the necessary condition of collaborative innovation activities. By "internal coordination agent + external collaborative process" two action lines running mechanism of cultural synergy, Through Collaborative demand drive cultural contact, cultural differences lead to cultural conflict, cultural debugging promote cultural integration and cultural identity encourage cultural innovation from four aspects to achieve the dynamic process of cultural synergy, and highlight the significance of cultural synergy. At the same time, from the internal cultural synergy and external system culture together two aspects put forward some countermeasures and suggestions, in order to better implement of Industry--university--research Institute Cooperative Innovation of cultural synergy.
