We proposed a new research method about transfer of technology application domain based on Set Theory. According to the corresponding relation between disciplines and field, we categorized the literatures of certain technology into different application domains. First, We define the maximum set, minimum set and cross set of literatures in different technology domains, by calculating the amount of literatures changed over time in these sets, We realize the goal that researching transfer of technology application domain. Research results could help enterprises identify development directions, and allocate resources into research and development perfectly. We showed an example about technology of wireless power transfer and illustrated the research method we proposed.
This paper presents a multi-level framework which contains technical analysis, competitive analysis and potential market analysis to support and systematically identify technological opportunities based on theory of Technology Delivery System. Under the framework, the paper used patent data and integrated technology monitoring, bibliometrics and technology morphology methods to analyze technological opportunities for a specific technology field. The analysis model was applied to guide technology opportunity analysis on dye sensitized solar cell based on DWPI database. The research results show that TiO2 semiconductor film, organic dye, gel electrolyte and Platinum counter electrode is dominate in each component technology filed, and China has relative strong R&D capability in organic dye and Platinum counter electrode field.
Technological areas differ in technological complexity, it is well-known that similar amounts of technological knowledge can produce different numbers of patented innovation as output. There is no optimal solution and few relations among indicators for evaluating patent technological value in the field of scientometrics as well as in innovation management. In this study, the relationships between the structural indicators of ego patent citation networks and traditional indicators of technological value of a patent were investigated using sampling data of real patents, and then testified by Monte Carlo Simulation. The results suggest that the structural indicators are significant for providing a multilayered picture of patent technological value.
On the basis of comprehensive review and analysis of evaluation for national innovation capability and national comprehensive strength of intellectual property rights, discusses the concept, elements and formation mechanism on national image of intellectual property rights, and then puts forward the measurement index system and method for national image of intellectual property rights. In order to carry out measurement on the national image of intellectual property rights, design countermeasure system for construction the national image of intellectual property rights.
Abstract: Constructing an evaluation index system of the intensity of Intellectual Property Protection (IPP) and accurately measuring it are not only empirical research foundation, but also the prerequisite all kinds of theoretical models can be verified. This paper introduces the measuring methods of the intensity of IPP at home and abroad in recent years and carries out a comparative analysis of the shortcomings of existing studies. It provides the methods for reference about further study on measurement methods of the intensity of IPP and constructing an evaluation index system of the intensity of IPP of China.
Intellectual property friction has been upgraded to the focus of China's foreign trade friction. This article based on the extended gravity model which the Bergstrand constructed, empirical study the impact of intellectual property protection on China’s services import. The results show that market expansion effect is greater than market power effects, intellectual property protection promote the China's services imports. In addition, the effect of intellectual property protection in the industry presents some differences, it has significant positive impact on six sectors’s imports in 10 service industries, the high-tech services more responsive to intellectual property protection; the impact coefficient of three sectors is positive, but not significance; while the significantly negative impact exist in communications imports.
This paper examines whether labor union affects firm’s R&D investment. Using private enterprises in China industrial enterprises database as sample, and taking three measures as the proxies of labor union, we find that labor union is positively related with firm’s R&D investment. Further results find that the effect of labor union on R&D investment is strongly evidenced in better property protection areas. The above results support the view of benefit-coordination, and do not support the view of conflict-of-interest. Our research not only enriches and develops the research on labor union effect, and it also has an important enlightenment to corporate invest decision-making.
China's traditional manufacturing resource endowment is weakening its comparative advantages, while low-cost innovation has become a spontaneous need in the process of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. In order to explore possible paths for high-end manufacturing driven by low-cost innovation, the article uses the Procedures of grounded theory and methods to carry out a program of qualitative research. The article defines the concept of low-cost innovation through case interviews and case studies to collect data and through open coding, axial coding and selective coding, builds path models of high-end manufacturing driven by low-cost innovation, reveals the power source of low-cost innovation --the change and integration of management elements such as technology, design, marketing and organization. The study enriches the theory of innovation management, and also provides a reference for China’s high-end manufacturing development which will be achieved through low-cost innovation.
High-tech entrepreneurship which is driven by innovation is more and more important to the economic growth, but these high-tech start-ups always demonstrate high rate of failure during its development process. Entrepreneurial learning is an important mechanism to break through the liabilities of newness of high-tech entrepreneurship. Based on four high-tech start-ups in Zhejiang, we attempt to explore the relationships among different learning manners, and the dominant learning manner at different development stage. The result shows that action learning is based on experiential learning and cognitive learning, and questioning experience in practice to develop new knowledge. Meanwhile, this study also demonstrates that experiential learning is the dominated learning style in the create period, cognitive learning is dominated in the survival period, and the combination of cognitive learning and action learning is the dominated learning in the growth period. The result contributes to the understanding of entrepreneurial learning in dynamic view and the extension of current theory of entrepreneurial learning.
Entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial competence is a core element to determine the success of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial learning is the key to the development of entrepreneurial competence, and social network provides a great deal of knowledge resources for entrepreneurs to enhance their entrepreneurial competence. However, few studies explore the action mechanisms of social network, entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial competence from the perspective of entrepreneurs. This paper builds a conceptual model of the relationship among social network, entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial competence, and uses structural equation analysis method to conduct an empirical test on the theoretical hypothesis, based on a sample of 409 entrepreneurs in small and micro enterprises. The results show that: (1) entrepreneurs’ social network objectively contains a subset of "learning network" with learning function, which is an important platform for entrepreneurial learning; structures and relationships of "learning network" can influence the formation and development of entrepreneurial competence. (2) entrepreneurial learning based on social network can be divided into three main ways ---imitation, communication and guiding, and plays a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurs’ “learning network” and entrepreneurial competence. Finally, this study puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to enhance entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial competence from the following three aspects---"learning network" governance, learning behavior shaping.
An increasing number of attentions to evolutionary entrepreneurship are paid by practitioners and scholars with small and micro businesses emerging. Discourse analysis is a new analytical path on researching business behavior in complex and evolutionary environment. Based on discourse analysis approach, we focus on small and micro businesses and research the driving mechanism on evolutionary entrepreneurship. The conclusions include: First, the evolutionary entrepreneurship can be described through micro-innovation, strategy renewal and venture capital. Second, cluster context affects evolutionary entrepreneurship from three aspects including structure, relationship and cognition. Third, we refine four driving factors to describe the mechanism including learning, compression, filter and governance. Fourth, we propose twenty-four relational paths, such as network affecting deliberate learning, among which seven are weak. It enriches entrepreneurial theory, and provides practical guidance for entrepreneurial practice of small and micro businesses.
Introducing entrepreneurial orientation is the key for new ventures to achieve their strategic integration and improvement. Institutional environments have more important influence on enterprise strategic decision. From the view of exploitative innovation activities, this research analyses the concept of entrepreneurial orientation. Then taking the companies from Chinese Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) as samples, this article selects government intervention level, the level of investor protection and financial development level to examine the relationships among institutional environment and entrepreneurial orientation. The empirical results reveal several important findings. The government intervention level has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation, and the level of investor protection has a significant impact on entrepreneurial orientation. But the financial development level’s influence on entrepreneurial orientation is not significant.
In recent years, entrepreneurial capability (EC) has been the focus in entrepreneurship and at the same time, some scholars explored to related issues about dynamic capability（DC） in entrepreneurship. Based on the construct of EC and DC, this paper studied the relationships among EC, DC and competitive advantage (CA) and the influence of control time of the firm owner on their relationships. Drawing on 191 samples, conclusions are drawn as follows: EC and DC are positively related to CA of new ventures without moderation and when there is the moderator, samples are divided into two groups according to the median of control time: 6-years and 6+years. For the firms with 6-years, only EC is positively related to CA, DC is not obvious to CA. For 6+years, only DC is positively related to CA and EC shows no significant relation to the CA. Finally limitations and future directions are offered.
A benign and stable relationship is a very important factor that can affect the result of technical innovation during research, transform, application and dissemination of technology. Technical dispute have a disturbing and destructive effect on social relationships about technical innovation. Judicial activities need to break through the limit of “yes or no only” to repair social relationships. Based on purpose of offering high quality judicial public service, judicature should use all the ways to repair social relationships about technical innovation by judgment, coordination and support. Related judicial reform should improve judicial capacity of repair social relationships about technical innovation in field of concept, system and so on.
Adopting a multiple case study as the research method, this paper tests the characteristics of the relay innovation in the information technology industry empirically through 10 typical cases. The research results demonstrate that the relay innovation does exist widely in the new generation of information technology industry mainly about data and software, and is triggered by the fourth paradigm in scientific researches, to meet the demands of the heterogeneity for enterprise capabilities in big data innovation. Compared with the other industries like the bio-pharmaceutical, the relay innovation in the information technology industry has its own features, including with fewer dependence on university attending, less types of innovation participants, shorter relay innovation chain and lower demand for financial relay supports.
Based on survey data from Wenzhou private enterprises , this study explores the relationship between cultural embeddedness and firm innovation behaviors, and the moderated effects of contractual governance on the above relationships . Research results show that adventurous spirit,cooperation spirit and achievement of desire have significantly negative effect on decision making constraint, emotional trust presents an U relationship with decision making constraint. Meanwhile,contractual governance negatively moderates the relationship between adventurous spirit and decision making constraint, as well as the relationship between achievement of desire and decision making constraint, while contractual governance positively moderates the U relationship between emotional trust and decision making constraint.The theoretical implications are conductive to engage coordinated governance system with relational and contractual governance based on the distinctive quality of local culture.
To qualify the stability of Customer Collaborative Product Innovation System(CCPIS), and maintain the high-efficiency and stable running state, a method of stability analysis was proposed based on Undirected Weighted Graph(UWG). First, the method for determining the strength of the collaborative relationship between innovative agents was put forward which considered their knowledge similarity and interpersonal relation and a undirected weighted graph model of customer collaborative innovation network(CCIN) was built. Second, sort method of node importance of CCIN was introduced based on Laplacian Energy. Then, on basis of unequal probability sampling, the method of stability analysis and process model were constructed and this provided a quantitative solution reference for stability analysis. At last, rationality and feasibility were validated by an instance.
This paper analyzes the relationship between different types of conflicts of industrial technologies and innovation strategic alliance (ITISA) and its influential factors. Through questionnaires and data analysis, we find that the differential goals of the alliance members would strengthen ITISA task conflict and process conflict; the unbalanced resource input tend to aggravate the process conflict and relationship conflict of ITISA. the imperfect mechanisms of information communication and sharing, and the unfair assessment of alliance performance and distribution of benefits contribute to intensify ITISA task conflict, process conflict and relationship conflict; however the homogeneous culture could reduce ITISA task conflict, process conflict and relationship conflict.
