Focusing on Chinese government agencies and S&T programs’ research funding on international collaborations, this study analyzed the China-EU co-authored papers published in 2008-2012 in Science Citation Index Expanded in bibliometrics, such as the funding amounts, countries, fields, co-funding relations and the proportion of higher-impact papers. Then it was found that Chinese government made important contributions to the China-EU collaboration while more than a half of total papers were sponsored by the Chinese government; the papers sponsored by China’s National-level S&T Programs (CNSTP) were multidisciplinary; and the Chinese scientists funded by CNSTP were more active than those funded by the funding agencies of EU. However, there are still some problems related to Chinese research funding: the Chinese government should further enhance the quality of research outputs, improve the funding efficiency, and support more multilateral cooperation. At last, suggestions were offered to expand the opening up of CNSTP to the EU.
The number of papers published in the journals indexed in Social Science Citation Index(SSCI) databases can reflects a country, regional and institutional social science research international level. The current situations of internationalization on social science studies of China (including Taiwan Province) from 2003 to 2012 were analyzed and evaluated by SSCI database, especially in comparing and ranking for all the administrative area of China. The results showed that nearly 10 years, the international level of social science studies was gradually improve, especially after 2007. But it is imbalance on the international level of social science studies among Mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan, and Mainland is obvious behindhand comparing with Hong Kong and Taiwan. There has great differences in the international levels of social science studies among every administrative area in Mainland, Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Hubei areas are ascendant. It is very imbalance in institutions and subjects distribution of SSCI articles too.
Whether characteristics of Technical Economics and Management discipline is clear, is a question to be explored in depth. Taking the research focus and discipline funding intensity as the indexes of time and space evoluation pattern, and using the quantile tool as well as the method of exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA), based on national science fundation of china(NSFC) project data collected of the 58 Technical Economics and Management doctoral section , this paper investigates characteristics of time and space evluation pattern of Chinease Technical Economics and Management discipline from 1999 to 2012. The resultes indicate that based on the NSFC project, from 2009 till now, the research concentration of technical economics and management discipline gradually increased. But when discipline funding intensity as the indicator of spatial correlation analysis is concernd, and only part of the annual spatial concentration is obvious while the yearly significant appearance is not stable. Overall, the research community of Technical Economics and Management discipline needs to be further expanded and the strength of which is not suffiecient.
This paper analysis the beginning, development and evolution of IGRS Alliance based on ANT (Actor Network Theory). Actors are divided into core actor、major actor and co-actor according to their place and role. The core actor of such alliance has changed to enterprise from government by tracking actions of actors, and the key to achieve this transformation is that such alliances become a translator to express each interests, interact, negotiate and build the network. The key to develop such alliance is that enterprises become core actors in the network; government strengthen the network of actors, expand network coverage, reduce the length of the network connection by providing policies and services; enterprise, government, universities and research institutions should build collaborative innovation networks based on sharing interests.
S&T intermediaries play critical role on maintaining network ties and optimizing allocation of innovative resource. Using social network analysis theory, this paper examines the impacts of S&T intermediary function and network position on performance of industry cluster based on studies 32 typical industry cluster in Zhejiang province . The results show that S&T intermediary strengthened performance of the cluster by means of three types of functions, such as searching & perceiving, communication & absorption, commercialization, and it takes more advantage on allocating cluster resource when S&T intermediary is at the centre of network and hold more structural holes. The more important the network position of S&T intermediary is, the stronger role S&T intermediary plays by improving its function of searching & perceiving, communication & absorption. The empirical findings provide us with valuable policy implication in development and management of S&T intermediaries.
Small and Medium Enterprises’ （called SMEs）blooming demand is the precondition for the development of Science and Technology Services (called S&TSs) industry. Based on Perception Theory and Absorptive Capacity Theory，we put forward the conceptual model of SMEs’ purchase intention for S&TSs. Data to test the model were collected from 536 SMEs by interviewing the key informants who are in charge of purchasing S&TSs. Results suggest that only three dimensions of perceived S&TS risk have significant negative effect on SMEs’ purchase intention for S&TSs , and that all five dimensions of perceived S&TSs value have significant positive effect on SMEs’ purchase intention for S&TSs .Result also suggests absorptive capacity plays moderating roles in these effects .The results of research can explain why the demand for S&TSs has not yet been fully developed and provide a realistic basis for suggestions for the development of S&TSs and SMEs.
The upgrade and catch-up of manufacturing industries’ technology sophistication are the main methods to change the developing way of Chinese economy, how will the cost rise and inadequate foreign demand affect the sophistication of manufacturing industries? Through extending the model of Lin(2002), this paper constructs a micro-tool to discern the sophistication of Chinese manufacturing industries, with 965992 groups data of enterprise level，we estimate the effects of cost rise and inadequate export to the sophistication of Chinese manufacturing industries. The results show that :(1) the catch-up patterns of native enterprises like “sail against the current ”, Chinese enterprises have the “sloth of catch-up” during the evolution of sophistication .(2) Inadequate foreign demand can only change the capital-intensive industries’ trail of sophistication evolution, non-factors cost rise has more hurt to the sophistication evolution than the factors cost rise;(3) capital accumulation and sunk cost are good to the sophistication evolution, but the subsidy have no effects to the sophistication evolution.
Few studies focus on the effects of spillover of agricultural technology using the approach of spatial econometrics. Based on measurement of the matrix of similarity of agricultural products and the stock of technology spillover, we analyze the effects upon which agricultural technology spillover have to productivity. We reach conclusions as follows: there is spatial correlation for agricultural production in china, and the spatial correlation become more significant when one province is more similar to the other province in agricultural technology. Agricultural technology spillover between provinces have positive effects on the production of agriculture, and the estimated coefficient lies in0.25, bigger than the coefficient of the stock of research of own(0.12). Using multi-dimensional scaling, we get three clusters of provinces in which the technology is similar. The effects of technology spillover within the clusters are greater than that between them.
This paper aims to explore the relationship between scale and performance of University-Industry collaborative R&D Projects by taking Province-Ministry University-industry collaborative projects as an example to conduct a zero inflated binomial model using patent, publication and new product as dependent variable. The results show that team scale shows an inverse “U” curve with patent, publication and new product, but their thresholds are different from each other. Expenditure scale has scale effect with patent.
The successful knowledge transfer in University-Industry(UI) cooperation is the key to improve the independent innovative capability of firms in China. The governance mechanisms, typically formal contract and trust, are important determinants of knowledge transfer between universities and firms. Based on the previous research, the article builds the theoretical framework for the effect of two dimensions of contract(coordination and control) and trust on two types of knowledge transfer(explicit knowledge transfer and tacit knowledge transfer) by using multi-case study approach and concludes some propositions. The result shows that trust has a greater impact on tacit knowledge than on explicit knowledge transfer. Contractual coordination shows a positive effect on explicit knowledge transfer while no effect on tacit knowledge transfer. Contractual control exerts a negative impact on both explicit and tacit knowledge transfer. The learning intent and absorptive capacity of firms moderate the effect of contract and trust on knowledge transfer. The interaction and contractual coordination and trust increases transferred knowledge while that of contractual control and trust reduces transferred knowledge. The above results provide a reasonable explanation for the contradictions of previous research.
"Entrepreneurship" is a collection of special skill of entrepreneurs (including spirit and skills), which has many features as innovative, successful desire, adventurous, sensitive and strong sense of professionalism. Entrepreneurship plays a key role in the process of industry-university cooperation as instilling energy, promoting creativity and realizing the industrialization of achievement of R&D. In this paper, in order to explore the value of entrepreneurship in the cooperation, we use 302 SMEs as samples from which build technology innovation centers in the fourteen prefecture-level cities of Liaoning Province. Study found that no matter collaborating with radical or progressive companies, entrepreneurship can both improve the performance of industry-university cooperation and plays a guiding and promoting role and helps integrate resources. In addition, the R&D investment levels and the hardware level of the enterprises will also have a positive impact on the cooperation.
Many scholars have studied the influencing factors of enterprise external knowledge transfer and effects, but their results are contradicting. This study synthesized the empirical articles of technology transfer, mergers and acquisitions, alliances and other forms of enterprise external knowledge transfer using the meta-analysis technology. The results have shown that: Frist, Hindering factors of external knowledge transfer of transformation business are: Tackiness, ambiguity, embeddedness. The contributing factors are: Recipient willingness, absorptive capacity, enterprise learning, incentive mechanism, the strength of relationship, trust, conflict coordination and transfer method; Second, tackiness hinder greatest impact on knowledge transfer, and enterprise learning are in the greatest influence of all factors; Third, the relationship is not always the simple direct effects, certain factors have indirect effects. The general conclusions provide a useful reference for future research and give some management implications for knowledge transfer practices of transformation business.
As East Asia counties (e.g. Korea, Japan, and China) have developed rapidly, individual creativity provides critical contribution to the economic increase. However, previous Western studies using temporary teams demonstrated that collectivism hampers individual creativity. Considering east countries are usually labeled as collectivism culture, we doubt if collectivism value indeed is an obstacle to creativity. We developed two studies to examine the relationship between collectivism and creativity in China. Specifically, studies explored the effects of horizontal collectivism and vertical collectivism on individual creativity using two types of team, considering the moderating effects of team creativity requirements climate. The results show that the relationship between collectivism and creativity is affected by the type of teams and team creativity requirements climate: horizontal collectivism indeed hampers individual creativity in temporary teams; however, vertical collectivism has positive relationship with individual creativity in stable teams, and vertical collectivism is more positively related to individual creativity when creativity requirement climate is high. These findings implicate that managers should encourage members' creative behavior as well as clearly deliver creativity requirements.
Based on value chain perspective, the technology innovation processes of China industries are divided into two stages, including technology development and technology transfer. By building theoretical framework of the impact of environmental regulation on technological innovation ability, this study conducts an empirical research on the long-term and short-term relationship between environmental regulation and technological innovation through panel unit roots test, co-integration test and error correction model by using panel data of 37 China Industrial sub-sectors from 2004 to 2011. The results show that, (1) the environmental regulation has significant long-term and short-term promoting effect on technical innovation, while the clear heterogeneity characteristic exists; (2) the effect of environmental regulation on technology transfer ability is greater than technology development ability, while the industry heterogeneity effect of different stages is obvious; (3) the environmental regulation’s long-term equilibrium to technological innovation ability has the short-term correction effect, meanwhile, the evident industrial heterogeneity exists in the technological innovation ability’s adjustment speed to equilibrium; (4) in partial industries, the environmental regulation’s promoting effect on technical innovation differs a lot both in the long run and the short term. Finally, this paper proposes policy suggestions on improving harmonious development of environment regulation and technology innovation from value chain perspective.
By adding technology intensity variable and technology gap variable，this paper extended the technology innovation and growth model in a North-South framework to the industry level and discussed the influences of industrial technology characteristics on innovation effect of intellectual property protection. The results showed that heterogeneity of industrial technology characteristics impacts the innovation effect of intellectual property protection. The high technology-intensive industries are more sensitive to the intellectual property protection and as technology gap narrowed, the incentive effect will gradually highlight. Empirical test by using the data of China's 19 subdivided industries of high technology industry from 1995 to 2011 also supports these conclusions. Different from intellectual property protection system following the rule of “one size fits all” now, we divided the 19 industries into four groups and proposed different intellectual property protection policy based on industrial technology characteristics.
